AWS EC2

1. What is AWS EC2?

AWS EC2 is a service offered by Amazon to help customers to host compute services in their IT environment as a part of cloud computing. Amazon EC2 removes all of the manual setup typically involved in running virtual servers. It gives you full control over your computing resources, which you can scale as needed.

 

AWS EC2 or Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud, is a web service that provides resizable compute capacity in the cloud. The EC2 gives access to Amazon’s own high-performance computing infrastructure and allows you to run large scale applications from various platforms such as Windows, Linux, Unix, and Java environments. Most of the organizations use this platform because it has several built-in features such as EBS volumes, Security groups, IAM roles and more.

You may find this interesting: how to create EC2.

2. What is the full form of EC2?

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud

 

3. What is an Instance in EC2?

An instance is a virtual server running apps on AWS EC2. An instance may represent a small segment of a single machine, that has a separate hard drive or OS, etc. From one physical machine you may have multiple little computers (Virtual machines) which are referred to as Instances.

 

4. Why do we use EC2?

Amazon EC2 allows you to create as many or as few virtual servers as you need, manage security and networking, and configure storage in real time. Amazon EC2 lets you scale up or Scale down your workload as needed to meet changing business requirements. This way, you’re able to manage unexpected surges without sacrificing availability.

 

5. What do you mean by Spot instances in AWS EC2?

AWS Spot Instances let you make use of unused EC2 capacity on the AWS cloud. You can get Spot Instances at up to 90% off On-Demand prices. Spot Instances can be used for a variety of stateless, fault-tolerant, or flexible applications, such as big data, containerized workloads, etc.

 

6. What is Reserved instances in AWS EC2?

Reserved Instances are provided by Amazon Web Services (AWS) for customers to use for a variety of tailor-made uses. Amazon provides EC2 Reserved Instances at an hourly rate as well as an optional reservation of capacity for such instances at the same time.

 

7.  Explain the benefits of AWS EC2.

Reliability: Each Amazon EC2 region in the Amazon Web Services network has an SLA of 99.9% availability. Thus, instance replacement is simple and fast.

Security: Amazon implements Amazon VPC to deliver stable networking and security. The compute instances reside in a virtual private cloud (VPC) that is logically partitioned with a specific IP range.

Flexibility: Choosing an EC2 instance can involve different factors such as types, software packages, instance storage, and operating systems. You can configure the memory, CPU, and boot partition size to suit the operating system and application.

Cost Saving: EC2 is cost-effective because it enables consumers to configure plans to suit their needs. This will allow them to save money and maximize their resources. Amazon has such great savings because the power and scale of their EC2 instance is significantly lower in cost, compared to the other cloud providers.

8. What are the categories available in Reserved instances in AWS?

Standard RIs

They are ready to be used on a steady stage. There is a 75% discount on their On-Demand instances.

 

Convertible RIs

If you create another RI of equal or greater value in exchange, you can adjust RI’s attributes. You can also use convertible RIs for steady-state computations. For On-Demand instances, they offer discounts up to 54%.

 

Scheduled RIs

By utilizing recurring, predictable RIs, you can schedule your capacity reservations to be completed within only a few days, weeks, or months. You can activate scheduled RIs at any time within your allocated timeframe.

 

9. Why EC2 is Important?

·       No need of any hardware.

·       Scalable up and down.

·       Pay for what you use.

·       Full control on machine.

·       Secure

·       Accessible from anywhere in the world via internet enabled device.

10. What is the AWS EC2 instance classification?

·       On-Demand Instances

·       Spot instances

·       Reserved Instances (RI)

 

11. Is Amazon EC2 IaaS or PaaS?

EC2 is IaaS (infrastructure as as service)

 

12. Explain the Basic Structure of AWS Ec2 Service ?

·       Instances- Instances are servers hosted in the AWS cloud using the EC2 services.

·       AMI – AMI provides you the templates with an operating system and application pre-configured to reduce the chances of errors.

·       EBS- A block-level storage device that you can attach to a single EC2 instance, EBS volume is a durable way to increase the disk space.

·       Security Group- A security group provides a way to block the traffic of a particular machine from other network-connected computers for the security of the EC2 instance.

·       IAM- Identity and Access Management, or IAM role, is used for managing access of AWS.

·       VPC- AWS’ Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) allows you to set up a virtual network that AWS resources can then join.

·       Load Balancers- Load Balancing distributes the incoming application or network traffic across multiple targets, such as Amazon EC2 instances, containers, and IP addresses, in multiple Availability Zones.

·       Cloud Watch- The Amazon CloudWatch tool monitors all of your AWS resources and apps, collecting data and tracking variables in real time.

 

13. What is AMI in AWS EC2?

The Amazon Machine Image is a special type of virtual appliance used to create a virtual machine within the Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud. The AMI is the unit of deployment for services delivered through EC2.

 

14. What are regions and availability zones in AWS EC2?

Amazon EC2 is deployed at several locations throughout the world, each of which includes regions and Availability Zones. The regions are actually different geographical areas. There are many individual places in each region called Availability Zones.

 

15. What Is Security Group In Amazon Ec2 ?

When added to an instance, security groups function as a firewall, controlling the incoming and outgoing traffic of that instance.

 

16. Explain the Best Practices For Amazon Ec2 ?

To receive the most benefits and satisfactions from and in Amazon EC2:

·       Security and Network Best Practices

·       Storage

·       Resource Management

·       Backup and Recovery

17. What is the use of a Key Pair?

With key pairs, users can log in to their instances securely. Public-key cryptography is utilized to keep information such as login credentials safe.

 

18. Can we create our own AMI if yes how?

Yes we can create our own AMI, you can Launch an instance from a public AMI and save it to use for your own project as a custom AMI.

 

19. Can you Change Private IP Addresses On An EC2 in an Aws VPC when it is in a running state?

A primary private IP address cannot be changed, but secondary private addresses can be moved between interfaces or instances at any time.

 

20. What happens when an EC2 Instance is rebooted?

A reboot is like restarting a computer. The hard disk isn‘t affected. You don‘t get the image‘s original state back, but the hard disk’s contents revert to the original.

 

A reboot is like restarting a computer. The hard disk isn‘t affected. You don‘t get the image‘s original state back, but the hard disk’s contents revert to the original.

 

21. What are the features of Amazon EC2?

·       Bare Metal instances- Amazon EC2 bare metal instances provide your applications with direct access to the processor and memory of the underlying server.Bare metal instances are built on the Nitro system, a collection of AWS-built hardware offload and hardware protection components that come together to securely provide high performance networking and storage resources to EC2 instances.

·       Pause and Resume Your Instances- You will not be charged for instance usage while your instance is hibernated. Storage is charged at standard EBS rates. For more information about hibernation, and supported instance types and operating systems.

·       High I/O Instances- High I/O I3 and I3en instances are backed by Non-Volatile Memory Express (NVMe) based SSDs, and are ideally suited for customers running very high performance NoSQL databases, transactional systems, and Elastic Search workloads. High I/O instances also offer sequential disk throughput up to 16 GB/s, which is ideal for analytics workloads.

·       Flexible Storage Options- Amazon EBS provides persistent, highly available, consistent, low-latency block storage volumes for use with Amazon EC2 instances. Each Amazon EBS volume is automatically replicated within its Availability Zone to protect you from component failure, offering high availability and durability. It is designed for application managers who need to tune workloads for capacity, performance and cost.

·       Elastic IP Addresses- Elastic IP addresses are static IP addresses designed for dynamic cloud computing. An Elastic IP address is associated with your account not a particular instance, and you control that address until you choose to explicitly release it.

·       Enhanced Networking- This feature uses a new network virtualization stack that provides higher I/O performance and lower CPU utilization compared to traditional implementations. In order to take advantage of Enhanced Networking, you should launch an HVM AMI in VPC, and install the appropriate driver.

 

 

22. Explain Elastic Block Storage?

Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS) is an easy to use, high-performance, block-storage service designed for use with Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) for both throughput and transaction intensive workloads at any scale. A broad range of workloads, such as relational and non-relational databases, enterprise applications, containerized applications, big data analytics engines, file systems, and media workflows are widely deployed on Amazon EBS.

 

 

23. How does Elastic Load Balancer work?

A load balancer accepts incoming traffic from clients and routes requests to its registered targets (such as EC2 instances) in one or more Availability Zones. It then resumes routing traffic to that target when it detects that the target is healthy again.

24. What is Lambda in Amazon EC2?

AWS Lambda is a responsive cloud service that inspects actions within the application and responds by deploying the user-defined codes, known as functions. It automatically manages the compute resources across multiple availability zones and scales them when new actions are triggered.It supports the code written in Java, Python and Node.js, and the service can launch processes in languages supported by Amazon Linux

 

25. What is the difference between terminating and stopping an EC2 instance?

Terminate Instance- When you terminate an EC2 instance, the instance will be shutdown and the virtual machine that was provisioned for you will be permanently taken away and you will no longer be charged for instance usage. Any data that was stored locally on the instance will be lost. Any attached EBS volumes will be detached and deleted. However, if you attach an EBS Snapshot to an instance at boot time, the default option in the Dashboard is to delete the attached EBS volume upon termination.

Stop Instance- When you stop an EC2 instance, the instance will be shutdown and the virtual machine that was provisioned for you will be permanently taken away and you will no longer be charged for instance usage. The key difference between stopping and terminating an instance is that the attached bootable EBS volume will not be deleted. The data on your EBS volume will remain after stopping while all information on the local (ephemeral) hard drive will be lost as usual. The volume will continue to persist in its availability zone. Standard charges for EBS volumes will apply.

 

26. What is auto-scaling?

Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling helps you maintain application availability and allows you to automatically add or remove EC2 instances according to conditions you define. Dynamic scaling responds to changing demand and predictive scaling automatically schedules the right number of EC2 instances based on predicted demand.

 

27. Describe Storage For Amazon Ec2 Occurrence ?

Amazon EC2 provides you with flexible, cost effective, and easy-to-use data storage options for your instances. Each option has a unique combination of performance and durability. These storage options can be used independently or in combination to suit your requirements.

These storage options include the following:

·       Amazon EBS- Amazon EBS provides durable, block-level storage volumes that you can attach to a running instance. You can use Amazon EBS as a primary storage device for data that requires frequent and granular updates. For example, Amazon EBS is the recommended storage option when you run a database on an instance.

·       Amazon EC2 instance store- This disk storage is referred to as instance store. Instance store provides temporary block-level storage for instances. The data on an instance store volume persists only during the life of the associated instance; if you stop, hibernate, or terminate an instance, any data on instance store volumes is lost.

·       Amazon EFS file system- Amazon EFS provides scalable file storage for use with Amazon EC2. You can create an EFS file system and configure your instances to mount the file system.

·       Amazon S3- Amazon S3 provides access to reliable and inexpensive data storage infrastructure. It is designed to make web-scale computing easier by enabling you to store and retrieve any amount of data, at any time, from within Amazon EC2 or anywhere on the web.

·       Adding storage- The root storage device contains all the information necessary to boot the instance. You can specify storage volumes in addition to the root device volume when you create an AMI or launch an instance using block device mapping.

 

28. What is WorkSpaces in AWS EC2?

Amazon WorkSpaces is a managed, secure Desktop-as-a-Service (DaaS) solution. You can use Amazon WorkSpaces to provision either Windows or Linux desktops in just a few minutes and quickly scale to provide thousands of desktops to workers across the globe.A WorkSpace is available as a bundle of operating system, compute resources, storage space, and software applications that allow a user to perform day-to-day tasks just like using a traditional desktop.

 

29. How To Connect To Your Amazon Ec2 Instance?

Following are the steps to connect to a Linux instance:

·       Install PuTTY on your local machine.

·       Get your instance ID.

·       Get the public DNS name of the instance.

·       Locate the private key.

·       Enable inbound SSH traffic from your IP address to your instance.

·       Converting Your Private Key Using PuTTYgen.

·       Starting a PuTTY Session.

·       Now you are connected to your EC2 instance.

 

30. What Is Amazon Machine Image (ami) ?

An Amazon Machine Image (AMI) provides the information required to launch an instance. You must specify an AMI when you launch an instance. You can launch multiple instances from a single AMI when you need multiple instances with the same configuration. You can use different AMIs to launch instances when you need instances with different configurations.

 

31. What Is Public Key Credentials?

A public key credential is created and stored by an authenticator at the behest of a WebAuthn Relying Party, subject to user consent. Subsequently, the public key credential can only be accessed by origins belonging to that Relying Party.