AWS DevOps
1. What is AWS in DevOps?
AWS is Amazon’s cloud service platform that lets users carry
out DevOps practices easily. The tools provided will help immensely to automate
manual tasks, thereby assisting teams to manage complex environments and
engineers to work efficiently with the high velocity that DevOps provides.
2. DevOps and Cloud computing: What is
the need?
Development and Operations are considered to be one single
entity in the DevOps practice. This means that any form of Agile development,
alongside Cloud Computing, will give it a straight-up advantage in scaling
practices and creating strategies to bring about a change in business
adaptability. If the cloud is considered to be a car, then DevOps would be its
wheels.
3. Why use AWS for DevOps?
There are numerous benefits of using AWS for DevOps. Some of
them are as follows:
· AWS is a
ready-to-use service, which does not require any headroom for software and
setups to get started with.
· Be it one
instance or scaling up to hundreds at a time, with AWS, the provision of
computational resources is endless.
· The
pay-as-you-go policy with AWS will keep your pricing and budgets in check to
ensure that you can mobilize enough and get an equal return on investment.
· AWS
brings DevOps practices closer to automation to help you build faster and
achieve effective results in terms of development, deployment, and testing
processes.
· AWS
services can easily be used via the command-line interface or by using SDKs and
APIs, which make it highly programmable and effective.
4. What does a DevOps Engineer do?
A DevOps Engineer is responsible for managing the IT
infrastructure of an organization based on the direct requirement of the
software code in an environment that is both hybrid and multi-faceted.
Provisioning and designing appropriate deployment models,
alongside validation and performance monitoring, are the key responsibilities
of a DevOps Engineer.
5. What is CodePipeline in AWS DevOps?
CodePipeline is a service offered by AWS to provide continuous
integration and continuous delivery services. Alongside this, it has provisions
of infrastructure updates as well.
Operations such as building, testing, and deploying after
every single build become very easy with the set release model protocols that
are defined by a user. CodePipeline ensures that you can reliably deliver new
software updates and features rapidly.
6. What is CodeBuild in AWS DevOps?
AWS provides CodeBuild, which is a fully managed in-house
build service, thereby helping in the compilation of source code, testing, and
the production of software packages that are ready to deploy. There is no need
for management, allocation, or provision to scale the build servers as this is
automatically scaled.
Build operations occur concurrently in servers, thereby
providing the biggest advantage of not having to leave any builds waiting in a
queue.
7. What is CodeDeploy in AWS DevOps?
CodeDeploy is the service that automates the process of
deploying code to any instances, be it local servers or Amazon’s EC2 instances.
It helps mainly in handling all of the complexity that is involved in updating
the applications for release.
The direct advantage of CodeDeploy is its functionality that
helps users rapidly release new builds and model features and avoid any sort of
downtime during this process of deployment.
8. What is CodeStar in AWS DevOps?
CodeStar is one package that does a lot of things ranging from
development to build operations to provisioning deploy methodologies for users
on AWS. One single easy-to-use interface helps the users easily manage all of
the activities involved in software development.
One of the noteworthy highlights is that it helps immensely in
setting up a continuous delivery pipeline, thereby allowing developers to
release code into production rapidly.
9. How can you handle continuous
integration and deployment in AWS DevOps?
One must use AWS Developer tools to help get started with
storing and versioning an application’s source code. This is followed by using
the services to automatically build, test, and deploy the application to a
local environment or to AWS instances.
It is advantageous, to start with the CodePipeline to build
the continuous integration and deployment services and later on use CodeBuild
and CodeDeploy as per need.
10. How can a company like Amazon.com
make use of AWS DevOps?
Be it Amazon or any eCommerce site, they are mostly concerned
with automating all of the frontend and backend activities in a seamless
manner. When paired with CodeDeploy, this can be achieved easily, thereby
helping developers focus on building the product and not on deployment
methodologies.
11. Name one example instance of making
use of AWS DevOps effectively.
With AWS, users are provided with a plethora of services.
Based on the requirement, these services can be put to use effectively. For
example, one can use a variety of services to build an environment that
automatically builds and delivers AWS artifacts. These artifacts can later be
pushed to Amazon S3 using CodePipeline. At this point, options add up and give
the users lots of opportunities to deploy their artifacts. These artifacts can
either be deployed by using Elastic Beanstalk or to a local environment as per
the requirement.
12. What is the use of Amazon Elastic
Container Service (ECS) in AWS DevOps?
Amazon ECS is a high-performance container management service
that is highly scalable and easy to use. It provides easy integration to Docker
containers, thereby allowing users to run applications easily on the EC2
instances using a managed cluster.
13. What is AWS Lambda in AWS DevOps?
AWS Lambda is a computation service that lets users run their
code without having to provision or manage servers explicitly. Using AWS
Lambda, the users can run any piece of code for their applications or services
without prior integration. It is as simple as uploading a piece of code and
letting Lambda take care of everything else required to run and scale the code.
14. What is AWS CodeCommit in AWS
DevOps?
CodeCommit is a source control service provided in AWS that
helps in hosting Git repositories safely and in a highly scalable manner. Using
CodeCommit, one can eliminate the requirement of setting up and maintaining a
source control system and scaling its infrastructure as per need.
Look into this GIT Cheat Sheet and keep it handy.
15. Explain Amazon EC2 in brief.
Amazon EC2, or Elastic Compute Cloud as it is called, is a
secure web service that strives to provide scalable computation power in the
cloud. It is an integral part of AWS and is one of the most used cloud
computation services out there, helping developers by making the process of
Cloud Computing straightforward and easy.
16. What is Amazon S3 in AWS DevOps?
Amazon S3 or Simple Storage Service is an object storage
service that provides users with a simple and easy-to-use interface to store
data and effectively retrieve it whenever and wherever needed.
17. What is the function of Amazon RDS
in AWS DevOps?
Amazon Relational Database Service (RDS) is a service that
helps users in setting up a relational database in the AWS cloud architecture.
RDS makes it easy to set up, maintain, and use the database online.
18. How is CodeBuild used to automate
the release process?
The release process can easily be set up and configured by
first setting up CodeBuild and integrating it directly with the AWS
CodePipeline. This ensures that build actions can be added continuously, and
thus, AWS takes care of continuous integration and continuous deployment
processes.
19. Can you explain a build project in
brief?
A build project is an entity with the primary function to
integrate with CodeBuild to help provide it the definition needed. This can
include a variety of information such as:
·
The location of source code
·
The appropriate build environment
·
Which build commands to run
·
The location to store the output
20. How is a build project configured in
AWS DevOps?
A building project is configured easily using Amazon CLI (Command-line
Interface). Here, users can specify the above-mentioned information, along with
the computation class that is required to run the build, and more. The process
is made straightforward and simple in AWS.
21. Which source repositories can be used
with CodeBuild in AWS DevOps?
AWS CodeBuild can easily connect with AWS CodeCommit, GitHub,
and AWS S3 to pull the source code that is required for the build operation.
22. Which programming frameworks can be
used with AWS CodeBuild?
AWS CodeBuild provides ready-made environments for Python,
Ruby, Java, Android, Docker, Node.js, and Go. A custom environment can also be
set up by initializing and creating a Docker image. This is then pushed to the
EC2 registry or the DockerHub registry. Later, this is used to reference the
image in the users’ build project.
23. Explain the build process using
CodeBuild in AWS DevOps.
·
First, CodeBuild will establish a temporary
container used for computing. This is done based on the defined class for the
building project.
·
Second, it will load the required runtime and pull
the source code to the same.
·
After this, the commands are executed and the
project is configured.
·
Next, the project is uploaded, along with the
generated artifacts, and put into an S3 bucket.
·
At this point, the compute container is no longer
needed, so users can get rid of it.
·
In the build stage, CodeBuild will publish the
logs and outputs to Amazon CloudWatch Logs for the users to monitor.
24. Can AWS CodeBuild be used with
Jenkins in AWS DevOps?
Yes, AWS CodeBuild can integrate with Jenkins easily to
perform and run jobs in Jenkins. Build jobs are pushed to CodeBuild and
executed, thereby eliminating the entire procedure involved in creating and
individually controlling the worker nodes in Jenkins.
25. How can one view the previous build
results in AWS CodeBuild?
It is easy to view the previous build results in CodeBuild. It
can be done either via the console or by making use of the API. The results
include the following:
·
Outcome (success/failure)
·
Build duration
·
Output artifact location
·
Output log (and the corresponding location)
26. Are there any third-party
integrations that can be used with AWS CodeStar?
Yes, AWS CodeStar works well with Atlassian JIRA, which is a
very good software development tool used by Agile teams. It can be integrated
with projects seamlessly and can be managed from there.
27. Can AWS CodeStar be used to manage
an existing AWS application?
No, AWS CodeStar can only help users in setting up new
software projects on AWS. Each CodeStart project will include all of the
development tools such as CodePipeline, CodeCommit, CodeBuild, and CodeDeploy.
28. Why is AWS DevOps so important
today?
With businesses coming into existence every day and the
expansion of the world of the Internet, everything from entertainment to
banking has been scaled to the clouds.
Most of the companies are using systems completely hosted on
clouds, which can be used via a variety of devices. All of the processes
involved in this such as logistics, communication, operations, and even
automation have been scaled online. AWS DevOps is integral in helping
developers transform the way they can build and deliver new software in the
fastest and most effective way possible.
29. What are Microservices in AWS
DevOps?
Microservice architectures are the design approaches taken
when building a single application as a set of services. Each of these services
runs using its own process structure and can communicate with every other
service using a structured interface, which is both lightweight and easy to
use. This communication is mostly based on HTTP and API requests.
30. What is CloudFormation in AWS
DevOps?
AWS CloudFormation is one of the important services that give
developers and businesses a simple way to create a collection of AWS resources
required and then pass it on to the required teams in a structured manner.
31. What is VPC in AWS DevOps?
A VPC (Virtual Private Cloud) is a cloud network that is
mapped to an AWS account. It forms one among the first points in the AWS
infrastructure that helps users create regions, subjects, routing tables, and
even Internet gateways in the AWS accounts. Doing this will provide the users
with the ability to use EC2 or RDS as per requirements.
32. What is AWS IoT in AWS DevOps?
AWS IoT refers to a managed cloud platform that will add
provisions for connected devices to interact securely and smoothly with all of
the cloud applications.
33. What is EBS in AWS DevOps?
EBS or Elastic Block Storage is a virtual storage area network
in AWS. EBS names the block-level volumes of storage, which are used in the EC2
instances. AWS EBS is highly compatible with other instances and is a reliable
way of storing data.
34. What does AMI stand for?
AMI, also known as Amazon Machine Image, is a snapshot of the
root file system. It contains all of the information needed to launch a server
in the cloud. It consists of all of the templates and permissions needed to
control the cloud accounts.
35. Why is a buffer used in AWS DevOps?
A buffer is used in AWS to sync different components that are
used to handle incoming traffic. With a buffer, it becomes easier to balance
between the incoming traffic rate and the usage of the pipeline, thereby
ensuring unbroken packet delivery in all conditions across the cloud platform.
36. What is the biggest advantage of
adopting an AWS DevOps model?
The one main advantage that every business can leverage is
maintaining high process efficiency and ensuring to keep the costs as low as
possible. With AWS DevOps, this can be achieved easily. Everything from having
a quick overall of how the work culture functions to helping teams work well
together, it can only be as advantageous. Bringing development and operations
together, setting up a structured pipeline for them to work, and providing them
with a variety of tools and services will reflect in the quality of the product
created and help in serving customers better.
37. What is meant by Infrastructure as
Code (IaC)?
IaC is a common DevOps practice in which the code and the software
development techniques help in managing the overall infrastructure, everything
from continuous integration to the version control system. The API model in the
cloud further helps developers work with the entirety of the infrastructure
programmatically.
38. What are some of the challenges that
arise when creating a DevOps pipeline?
There are a number of challenges that occur with DevOps in
this era of technological outburst. Most commonly, it has to do with data
migration techniques and implementing new features easily. If data migration
does not work, then the system can be in an unstable state, and this can lead
to issues down the pipeline.
However, this is solved within the CI environment only by
making use of a feature flag, which helps in incremental product releases.
This, alongside the rollback functionality, can help in mitigating some of the
challenges.
39. What is a hybrid cloud in AWS
DevOps?
A hybrid cloud refers to a computation setting that involves
the usage of a combination of private and public clouds. Hybrid clouds can be
created using a VPN tunnel that is inserted between the cloud VPN and the
on-premises network. Also, AWS Direct Connect has the ability to bypass the
Internet and connect securely between the VPN and a data center easily.
40. How is AWS Elastic Beanstalk
different from CloudFormation?
EBS and CloudFormation are among the important services in
AWS. They are designed in a way that they can collaborate with each other
easily. EBS provides an environment where applications can be deployed in the
cloud.
This is integrated with tools from CloudFormation to help
manage the lifecycle of the applications. It becomes very convenient to make
use of a variety of AWS resources with this. This ensures high scalability in
terms of using it for a variety of applications from legacy applications to
container-based solutions.
41. What is the use of Amazon QuickSight
in AWS DevOps?
Amazon QuickSight is a Business Analytics service in AWS that
provides an easy way to build visualizations, perform analysis, and drive
business insights from the results. It is a service that is fast-paced and
completely cloud-powered, giving users immense opportunities to explore and use
it.
42. How do Kubernetes containers
communicate in AWS DevOps?
An entity called a pod is used to map between containers in
Kubernetes. One pod can contain more than one container at a time. Due to the
flat network hierarchy of the pod, communication between each of these pods in
the overlay network becomes straightforward.
43. Have you earned any sort of certification
to boost your opportunities as an AWS DevOps Engineer?
Interviewers look for candidates who are serious about
advancing their career options by making use of additional tools like
certifications. Certificates are strong proof that you have put in all efforts
to learn new skills, master them, and put them into use at the best of your
capacity. List the certifications, if you have any, and do talk about them in
brief, explaining what all you learned from the program and how they’ve been
helpful to you so far.
44. Do you have any experience working
in the same industry as ours before?
This is a very straightforward question. It aims to assess if
you have the industry-specific skills that are needed for the current role.
Even if you do not possess all of the skills, make sure to thoroughly explain
how you can still make use of the skills you’ve obtained in the past to benefit
the company.
45. Why are you applying for the AWS
DevOps role in our company?
Here, the interviewer is trying to see how well you can
convince them regarding your proficiency in the subject, handling all the cloud
services, alongside the need for using structured DevOps methodologies and
scaling to the clouds. It is always an added advantage to know the job
description in detail, along with the compensation and the details of the
company, thereby obtaining a complete understanding of what services, tools,
and DevOps methodologies are required to work in the role successfully.
46. What is your plan after joining for
this AWS DevOps role?
While answering this question, make sure to keep your
explanation concise on how you would bring about a plan that works with the
company set up and how you would implement the plan, ensuring that it works by
first understanding the cloud infrastructure setup of the company, and you
would also talk about how it can be made better or further improvised in the
coming days with further iterations.
47. How is it beneficial to make use of
version control?
There are numerous benefits of using version control as shown
below:
· Version
control establishes an easy way to compare files, identify differences, and
merge if any changes are done.
· It
creates an easy way to track the life cycle of an application build, including
every stage in it such as development, production, testing, etc.
· It brings
about a good way to establish a collaborative work culture.
· Version
control ensures that every version and variant of the code is kept safe and
secure.
48. What are the future trends in AWS
DevOps?
With this question, the interviewer is trying to assess your
grip on the subject and your research in the field. Make sure to state valid
facts and provide respective sources to add positivity to your candidature.
Also, try to explain how Cloud Computing and novel software methodologies are
making a huge impact on businesses across the globe and their potential for
rapid growth in the upcoming days.
49. Has your college degree helped you
with Data Analysis in any way?
This is a question that relates to the latest program you
completed in college. Do talk about the degree you have obtained, how it was
useful, and how you plan on putting it into full use in the coming days, after
being recruited by the company. It is advantageous if you have dealt with Cloud
Computing or Software Engineering methodologies in this degree.
50. What skills should a successful AWS
DevOps specialist possess?
This is a descriptive question that is highly dependent on how
analytical your thinking skills are. There are a variety of prerequisites that
one must-have, and the following are some of the important skills:
·
Working of SDLC
·
AWS Architecture
·
Database Services
·
Virtual Private Cloud
·
AWS IAM and Monitoring
·
Configuration Management
·
Application Services, AWS Lambda, and CLI
·
CodeBuild, CodeCommit, CodePipeline, and
CodeDeploy
51. What is Amazon Web Services in
DevOps?
Answer: AWS provides services that help you practice DevOps at
your company and that are built first for use with AWS. These tools automate
manual tasks, help teams manage complex environments at scale, and keep
engineers in control of the high velocity that is enabled by DevOps.
52. What is the role of AWS in DevOps?
Answer: When asked this question in an interview, get straight
to the point by explaining that AWS is a cloud-based service provided by Amazon
that ensures scalability through unlimited computing power and storage. AWS
empowers IT enterprises to develop and deliver sophisticated products and
deploy applications on the cloud. Some of its key services include Amazon
CloudFront, Amazon SimpleDB, Amazon Relational Database Service, and Amazon
Elastic Computer Cloud. Discuss the various cloud platforms and emphasize any
big data projects that you have handled in the past using cloud infrastructure.
53. How Is Buffer Used In Amazon Web
Services?
Answer: Buffer is used to making the system more resilient to
burst of traffic or load by synchronizing different components. The components
always receive and process the requests in an unbalanced way. Buffer keeps the
balance between different components and makes them work at the same speed to
provide faster services.
54. What is an AMI? How do we implement
it?
Answer:
AMI stands for Amazon Machine Image. It is basically a copy of
the root file system.
Provides the data required to launch an instance, which means
a copy of running an AMI server in the cloud. It’s easy to launch an instance
from many different AMIs.
Hardware servers that commodities bios which exactly point the
master boot record of the first block on a disk. A disk image is created which
can easily fit anywhere physically on a disk. Where Linux can boot from an
arbitrary location on the EBS storage network.
55. What is meant by Continuous
Integration?
Answer: I will advise you to begin this answer by giving a
small definition of Continuous Integration (CI). It is a development practice
that requires developers to integrate code into a shared repository several
times a day. Each check-in is then verified by an automated build, allowing teams
to detect problems early.
I suggest that you explain how you have implemented it in your
previous job.
You can refer to the below-given example:
·
Developers check out code into their private
workspaces.
·
When they are done with it they commit the changes
to the shared repository (Version Control Repository).
·
The CI server monitors the repository and checks
out changes when they occur.
·
The CI server then pulls these changes and builds
the system and also runs unit and integration tests.
·
The CI server will now inform the team of the
successful build.
·
If the build or tests fail, the CI server will
alert the team.
·
The team will try to fix the issue at the earliest
opportunity.
·
This process keeps on repeating.
56. Why do you need a Continuous
Integration of Dev & Testing?
Answer: For this answer, you should focus on the need for
Continuous Integration. My suggestion would be to mention the below explanation
in your answer:
Continuous Integration of Dev and Testing improves the quality
of software and reduces the time taken to deliver it, by replacing the
traditional practice of testing after completing all development. It allows the
Dev team to easily detect and locate problems early because developers need to
integrate code into a shared repository several times a day (more frequently).
Each check-in is then automatically tested.
57. What is Continuous Testing?
Answer: I will advise you to follow the below-mentioned
explanation:
Continuous Testing is the process of executing automated tests
as part of the software delivery pipeline to obtain immediate feedback on the
business risks associated with the latest build. In this way, each build is
tested continuously, allowing Development teams to get fast feedback so that
they can prevent those problems from progressing to the next stage of Software
delivery life-cycle. This dramatically speeds up a developer’s workflow as
there’s no need to manually rebuild the project and re-run all tests after
making changes.
58. How Do You Handle Continuous
Integration And Continuous Delivery In Aws DevOps?
Answer: The AWS Developer Tools help you securely store and
version your application’s source code and automatically build, test, and
deploy your application to AWS or your on-premises environment. (Best training
courses)
Start with AWS Code Pipeline to build a continuous integration
or continuous delivery workflow that uses AWS Code Build, AWS Code Deploy, and
other tools, or use each service separately.
59. What is AWS CodeBuild in AWS Devops?
Answer: AWS Code Build is a fully managed build service that
compiles source code, runs tests, and produces software packages that are ready
to deploy. With Code Build, you don’t need to provision, manage, and scale your
own build servers. Code Build scales continuously and processes multiple builds
concurrently, so your builds are not left waiting in a queue.
60. How is IaC implemented using AWS?
Answer: Start by talking about the age-old mechanisms of
writing commands onto script files and testing them in a separate environment
before deployment and how this approach is being replaced by IaC. Similar to
the codes written for other services, with the help of AWS, IaC allows
developers to write, test, and maintain infrastructure entities in a
descriptive manner, using formats such as JSON or YAML. This enables easier
development and faster deployment of infrastructure changes.
As a DevOps engineer, an in-depth knowledge of processes,
tools, and relevant technology are essential. You must also have a holistic
understanding of the products, services, and systems in place. If your answers
matched the answers we’ve provided above, you’re in great shape for future
DevOps interviews. Good luck! If you’re looking for answers to specific DevOps
interview questions that aren’t addressed here, ask them in the comments below.
61. Explain whether it is possible to
share a single instance of a Memcache between multiple projects?
Answer: Yes, it is possible to share a single instance of
Memcache between multiple projects. Memcache is a memory store space, and you
can run Memcache on one or more servers. You can also configure your client to
speak to a particular set of instances. So, you can run two different Memcache
processes on the same host and yet they are completely independent. Unless, if you
have partitioned your data, then it becomes necessary to know from which
instance to get the data from or to put into.
62. What is AWS CodeStar in AWS DevOps?
Answer: AWS Code Star enables you to quickly develop, build,
and deploy applications on AWS. AWS Code Star provides a unified user
interface, enabling you to easily manage your software development activities
in one place. With AWS CodeStar, you can set up your entire continuous delivery
toolchain in minutes, allowing you to start releasing code faster.
63. What is Amazon RDS in AWS DevOps?
Answer: Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) makes
it easy to set up, operate, and scale a relational database in the cloud.
64. What is a building project in AWS
DevOps?
Answer: A building project is used to define how CodeBuild
will run a build. It includes information such as where to get the source code,
which builds the environment to use, the build commands to run, and where to
store the build output. A build environment is the combination of the operating
system, programming language runtime, and tools used by CodeBuild to run a
build.
65. Why AWS DevOps Matters?
Answer: Software and the Internet have transformed the world
and its industries, from shopping to entertainment to banking. Software no
longer merely supports a business; rather it becomes an integral component of
every part of a business.
Companies interact with their customers through software
delivered as online services or applications and on all sorts of devices. They
also use software to increase operational efficiencies by transforming every
part of the value chain, such as logistics, communications, and operations.
In a similar way that physical goods companies transformed how
they design, build, and deliver products using industrial automation throughout
the 20th century, companies in today’s world must transform how they build and
deliver software.
66. Is it possible to scale an Amazon
instance vertically? How?
Answer: Yes. This is an incredible characteristic of cloud
virtualization and AWS. Spinup is a huge case when compared to the one which
you are running. Let up the instance and separate the root EBS volume from this
server and remove. Next, stop your live instance, remove its root volume. Note
down the distinctive device ID and attach root volume to your new server and
start it again. This is the way to scaling vertically in place.
67. How is AWS OpsWorks different than
AWS Cloud Formation?
Answer: OpsWorks and Cloud Formation both support application modeling,
deployment, configuration, management, and related activities. Both support a
wide variety of architectural patterns, from simple web applications to highly
complex applications. AWS OpsWorks and AWS Cloud Formation differ in
abstraction level and areas of focus.
AWS Cloud Formation is a building block service which enables
the customer to manage almost any AWS resource via JSON-based domain-specific
language. It provides foundational capabilities for the full breadth of AWS,
without prescribing a particular model for development and operations.
Customers define templates and use them to provision and
manage AWS resources, operating systems and application code, In contrast, AWS
OpsWorks is a higher level service that focuses on providing highly productive
and reliable DevOps experiences for IT administrators and ops-minded
developers.
To do this, AWS OpsWorks employs a configuration management
model based on concepts such as stacks and layers and provides integrated
experiences for key activities like deployment, monitoring, auto-scaling, and
automation.
Compared to AWS CloudFormation, AWS OpsWorks supports a
narrower range of application-oriented AWS resource types including Amazon EC2
instances, Amazon EBS volumes, Elastic IPs, and Amazon CloudWatch metrics.
68. How is AWS Elastic Beanstalk
different than AWS OpsWorks?
Answer: AWS Elastic Beanstalk is an application management
platform while OpsWorks is a configuration management platform. BeanStalk is an
easy to use service which is used for deploying and scaling web applications
developed with Java, .Net, PHP, Node.js, Python, Ruby, Go and Docker. Customers
upload their code and Elastic Beanstalk automatically handles the deployment.
The application will be ready to use without any infrastructure or resource
configuration.
69. How do I transfer my existing domain
name registration to Amazon Route 53 without disrupting my existing web
traffic?
Answer: You will need to get a list of the DNS record data for
your domain name first, it is generally available in the form of a “zone file”
that you can get from your existing DNS provider. Once you receive the DNS
record data, you can use Route 53’s Management Console or simple web-services
interface to create a hosted zone that will store your DNS records for your
domain name and follow its transfer process. It also includes steps such as
updating the nameservers for your domain name to the ones associated with your
hosted zone. For completing the process you have to contact the registrar with
whom you registered your domain name and follow the transfer process.
70. When should I use a Classic Load
Balancer and when should I use an Application load balancer?
Answer: A Classic Load Balancer is ideal for simple load
balancing of traffic across multiple EC2 instances, while an Application Load
Balancer is ideal for microservices or container-based architectures where
there is a need to route traffic to multiple services or load balance across
multiple ports on the same EC2 instance.
71. What is the difference between
Scalability and Elasticity?
Answer: Scalability is the ability of a system to increase its
hardware resources to handle the increase in demand. It can be done by
increasing the hardware specifications or increasing the processing nodes.
Elasticity is the ability of a system to handle the increase
in the workload by adding additional hardware resources when the demand
increases(same as scaling) but also rolling back the scaled resources when the
resources are no longer needed. This is particularly helpful in Cloud
environments, where a pay per use model is followed.
72. How is Amazon RDS, DynamoDB and
Redshift different?
Answer: Amazon RDS is a database management service for
relational databases, it manages patching, upgrading, backing up of data, etc.
of databases for you without your intervention. RDS is a Db management service
for structured data only.
DynamoDB, on the other hand, is a NoSQL database service,
NoSQL deals with unstructured data.
Redshift is an entirely different service, it is a data
warehouse product and is used in data analysis.
73. If my AWS Direct Connect fails, will
I lose my connectivity?
Answer: If a backup AWS Direct connect has been configured, in
the event of a failure it will switch over to the second one. It is recommended
to enable Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) when configuring your
connections to ensure faster detection and failover. On the other hand, if you
have configured a backup IPsec VPN connection
instead, all VPC traffic will failover to the backup VPN
connection automatically. Traffic to/from public resources such as Amazon S3
will be routed over the Internet.
If you do not have a backup AWS Direct Connect link or an
IPsec VPN link, then Amazon VPC traffic will be dropped in the event of a
failure.
74. How can you speed up data transfer
in Snowball?
Answer: The data transfer can be increased in the following
way:
By performing multiple copy operations at one time i.e. if the
workstation is powerful enough, you can initiate multiple cp commands each from
different terminals, on the same Snowball device.
Copying from multiple workstations to the same snowball.
Transferring large files or by creating a batch of small file,
this will reduce the encryption overhead.
Eliminating unnecessary hops i.e. make a setup where the
source machine(s) and the snowball are the only machines active
on the switch being used, this can hugely improve performance
75. How does a Cookbook differ from a
Recipe in Chef?
Answer: The answer to this is pretty direct. You can simply
say, “a Recipe is a collection of Resources, and primarily configures a
software package or some piece of infrastructure. A Cookbook groups together
Recipes and other information in a way that is more manageable than having just
Recipes alone.”
76. Why do we use AWS for DevOps?
Answer: There are many benefits of using AWS for DevOps, they
are:
Get Started Fast – Each AWS service is ready to use if you
have an AWS account. There is no setup required or software to install.
Fully Managed Services: These services can help you take
advantage of AWS resources quicker. You can worry less about setting up,
installing, and operating infrastructure on your own. This lets you focus on
your core product.
Built for Scale: You can manage a single instance or scale to
thousands using AWS services. These services help you make the most of flexible
compute resources by simplifying provisioning, configuration, and scaling.
77. What is AWS Lambda in AWS DevOps?
Answer: AWS Lambda lets you run code without provisioning or
managing servers. With Lambda, you can run code for virtually any type of
application or backend service – all with zero administration. Just upload your
code and Lambda takes care of everything required to run and scale your code
with high availability.
78. What Are The Benefits Of Aws Code
Deploy In Aws DevOps?
Answer: AWS Code Deploy is a service that automates software
deployments to a variety of computer services including Amazon EC2, AWS Lambda,
and instances running on-premises.
AWS Code Deploy makes it easier for you to rapidly release new
features, helps you avoid downtime during application deployment, and handles
the complexity of updating your applications.
79. Explain The Function Of An Amazon
Ec2 Instance Like Stopping, Starting And Terminating?
Answer: Stopping and Starting an instance: When an instance is
stopped, the instance performs a normal shutdown and then transitions to a
stopped state. All of its Amazon EBS volumes remain attached, and you can start
the instance again at a later time. You are not charged for additional instance
hours while the instance is in a stopped state.
Terminating an instance: When an instance is terminated, the
instance performs a normal shutdown, then the attached Amazon EBS volumes are
deleted unless the volume’s delete OnTermination attribute is set to false. The
instance itself is also deleted, and you can’t start the instance again at a
later time. Hope it would be very helpful to understand and crack the
interview.
80. What is the importance of buffer in
Amazon Web Services?
Answer: A buffer will synchronize different components and
makes the arrangement additional elastic to a burst of load or traffic. The
components are prone to work in an unstable way of receiving and processing the
requests. The buffer creates the equilibrium linking various apparatus and
crafts them effort at the identical rate to supply more rapid services.
81. What are the components involved in
Amazon Web Services?
Answer: There are 4 components involved and areas below.
Amazon S3: With this, one can retrieve the key information
which is occupied in creating cloud structural design and amount of produced
information also can be stored in this component that is the consequence of the
key specified.
Amazon EC2: helpful to run a large distributed system on the
Hadoop cluster. Automatic parallelization and job scheduling can be achieved by
this component.
Amazon SQS: this component acts as a mediator between different
controllers. Also worn for cushioning requirements those are obtained by the
manager of Amazon.
Amazon SimpleDB: helps in storing the transitional position
log and the errands executed by the consumers.
82. Which automation gears can help with
spinup services?
Answer: The API tools can be used for spinup services and also
for the written scripts. Those scripts could be coded in Perl, bash or other
languages of your preference. There is one more option that is patterned
administration and stipulating tools such as a dummy or improved descendant. A
tool called Scalr can also be used and finally, we can go with a controlled
explanation like a Rightscale.
83. How would you explain the concept of
“infrastructure as code” (IaC)?
Answer: It is a good idea to talk about IaC as a concept,
which is sometimes referred to as a programmable infrastructure, where
infrastructure is perceived in the same way as any other code. Describe how the
traditional approach to managing infrastructure is taking a back seat and how
manual configurations, obsolete tools, and custom scripts are becoming less
reliable. (Company) Next, accentuate the benefits of IaC and how changes to IT
infrastructure can be implemented in a faster, safer and easier manner using
IaC. Include the other benefits of IaC like applying regular unit testing and
integration testing to infrastructure configurations, and maintaining
up-to-date infrastructure documentation.
84. What are the advantages of DevOps?
Answer: For this answer, you can use your past experience and
explain how DevOps helped you in your previous job. If you don’t have any such
experience, then you can mention the below advantages.
Technical benefits:
· Continuous
software delivery
· Less
complex problems to fix
· Faster
resolution of problems
Business benefits:· Faster
delivery of features
· More
stable operating environments
· More time
available to add value (rather than fix/maintain)
85. Which VCS tool you are comfortable
with?
Answer: You can just mention the VCS tool that you have worked
on like this: “I have worked on Git and one major advantage it has over other
VCS tools like SVN is that it is a distributed version control system.”
Distributed VCS tools do not necessarily rely on a central
server to store all the versions of a project’s files. Instead, every developer
“clones” a copy of a repository and has the full history of the project on
their own hard drive.
86. What’s the background of your
system?
Answer: Some DevOps jobs require extensive systems knowledge,
including server clustering and highly concurrent systems. As a DevOps
engineer, you need to analyze system capabilities and implement upgrades for
efficiency, scalability, and stability, or resilience. It is recommended that
you have a solid knowledge of OSes and supporting technologies, like network
security, virtual private networks, and proxy server configuration.
DevOps relies on virtualization for rapid workload
provisioning and allocating compute resources to new VMs to support the next
rollout, so it is useful to have in-depth knowledge around popular hypervisors.
This should ideally include backup, migration, and lifecycle management tactics
to protect, optimize and eventually recover computing resources. Some
environments may emphasize microservices software development tailored for
virtual containers. Operations expertise must include extensive knowledge of
systems management tools like Microsoft System Center, Puppet, Nagios and Chef.
such as a card, and the other is typically something
memorized, such as a security code.
87. Explain how Memcached should not be
used?
Answer: Memcached common misuse is to use it as a data store,
and not as a cache Never use Memcached as the only source of the information
you need to run your application.
Data should always be available through another source as well
Memcached is just a key or value store and cannot perform query over the data
or iterate over the contents to extract information.
Memcached does not offer any form of security either in
encryption or authentication
88. Explain what is Dogpile effect? How
can you prevent this effect?
Answer: Dogpile effect is referred to the event when the cache
expires, and websites are hit by the multiple requests made by the client at
the same time. This effect can be prevented by using a semaphore lock. In this
system when value expires, the first process acquires the lock and starts
generating new value.
89. Is continuous delivery related to
the dev-ops movement? How so?
Answer: Absolutely. In any organization where there is a
separate operations department, and especially where there is an independent QA
or testing function, we see that much of the pain in getting software delivered
is caused by poor communication between these groups, exacerbated by an
underlying cultural divide. Apps are measured according to throughput, and ops
are measured according to stability. Testing gets it in the neck from both
sides, and like release management, is often a political pawn in the fight
between apps and ops. The point of dev-ops is that developers need to learn how
to create high-quality, production-ready software, and ops need to learn that
Agile techniques are actually powerful tools to enable effective, low-risk
change management. Ultimately, we’re all trying to achieve the same thing –
creating business value through software – but we need to get better at working
together and focusing on this goal rather than trying to optimize our own
domains. Unfortunately, many organizations aren’t set up in a way that rewards
that kind of thinking. According to Forrester.
90. What is the role of a DevOps
engineer?
Answer: There’s no formal career track for becoming a DevOps
engineer. They are either developers who get interested in deployment and
network operations, or sysadmins who have a passion for scripting and coding,
and move into the development side where they can improve the planning of test
and deployment.
91. What happens when a build is run in
CodeBuild in AWS Devops?
Answer: CodeBuild will create a temporary compute container of
the class defined in the building project, load it with the specified runtime
environment, download the source code, execute the commands configured in the
project, upload the generated artifact to an S3 bucket, and then destroy the
compute container. During the build, CodeBuild will stream the build output to
the service console and Amazon CloudWatch Logs.
92. How to Adopt an AWS DevOps Model?
Answer:
Transitioning to DevOps requires a change in culture and
mindset. At its simplest, DevOps is about removing the barriers between two
traditionally siloed teams, development, and operations.
In some organizations, there may not even be separate
development and operations teams; engineers may do both. With DevOps, the two
teams work together to optimize both the productivity of developers and the
reliability of operations.
They strive to communicate frequently, increase efficiencies,
and improve the quality of services they provide to customers. They take full
ownership for their services, often beyond where their stated roles or titles
have traditionally been scoped by thinking about the end customer’s needs and
how they can contribute to solving those needs.
Quality assurance and security teams may also become tightly
integrated with these teams. Organizations using a DevOps model, regardless of
their organizational structure, have teams that view the entire development and
infrastructure lifecycle as part of their responsibilities.
93. Discuss your experience building
bridges between IT Ops, QA, and development?
Answer: DevOps is all about effective communication and
collaboration. I’ve been able to deal with production issues from the
development and operations sides, effectively straddling the two worlds. I’m
less interested in finding blame or playing the hero than I am with ensuring
that all of the moving parts come together.
94. What Is Amazon Elastic Container
Service In Aws DevOps?
Answer: Amazon Elastic Container Service (ECS) is a highly
scalable, high-performance container management service that supports Docker
containers and allows you to easily run applications on a managed cluster of
Amazon EC2 instances.
95. What is Amazon S3 in AWS DevOps?
Answer: Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) is object
storage with a simple web service interface to store and retrieve any amount of
data from anywhere on the web.
96. Which programming frameworks does
CodeBuild support in AWS DevOps?
Answer: Code Build provides pre-configured environments for
supported versions of Java, Ruby, Python, Go, Node.js, Android, and Docker. You
can also customize your own environment by creating a Docker image and
uploading it to the Amazon EC2 Container Registry or the Docker Hub registry.
You can then reference this custom image in your build project.
97. What are microservices and why they
have an impact on operations?
Answer: Microservices is a product of software architecture
and programming practices. Microservices architectures typically produce
smaller, but more numerous artifacts that Operations is responsible for
regularly deploying and managing. For this reason, microservices have an
important impact on Operations. The term that describes the responsibilities of
deploying microservices is micro deployments. So, what DevOps is really about
is bridging the gap between microservices and micro deployments.
98. Explain how DevOps is helpful to
developers?
Answer:
DevOps brings faster and more frequent release cycles which
allow developers to identify and resolve issues immediately as well as implementing
new features quickly.
Since DevOps is what makes people do better work by making
them wear different hats, Developers who collaborate with Operations will
create software that is easier to operate, more reliable, and ultimately better
for the business.
99. Mention the key components of AWS?
Answer:
The key components of AWS are as follows:
· Route 53:
A DNS (Domain Name SERVER) web-based service platform.
· Simple
E-mail Service: Sending of E-mail is done by using RESTFUL API call or via
regular SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol).
· Identity
and Access Management: Improvised security and Identity management are provided
for AWS account.
· Simple
Storage Device or (S3): It is a huge storage medium, widely used for AWS
services.
· Elastic
Compute Cloud (EC2): Allows on-demand computing resources for hosting
applications and essentially useful for unpredictable workloads
· Elastic
Block Store (EBS): Storage volumes which are being attached to EC2 and allows
the data lifespan of a single EC2
· Cloud
Watch: It is used to monitor AWS resources and it allows administrators to view
and collect keys required. Access is provided so that one can set a
notification alarm in case of trouble.
100. What is the AWS Developer Tools?
Answer: The AWS Developer Tools is a set of services designed
to enable developers and IT operations professionals practicing DevOps to
rapidly and safely deliver software.
Together, these services help you securely store and version
control your application’s source code and automatically build, test, and
deploy your application to AWS or your on-premises environment. You can use AWS
CodePipeline to orchestrate an end-to-end software release workflow using these
services and third-party tools or integrate each service independently with
your existing tools.
